When James Bond needs a new gizmo to carry out acts of spymaster derring-do, he heads straight for Q. CU scientists have a gadget team of their own.
To the physicists and chemists of CU-Boulder, Hans Green (Hist鈥�95) and the JILA team say this: If you conceive it, we will build it.
James Bond has Q, the irascible tinkerer extraordinaire of the British Secret Service; CU-Boulder scientists have an entire squad of gadgetry wizards at the JILA Instrument Shop, which designs and manufactures custom equipment for work at the leading edge of physical science 鈥� stuff researchers need for their experiments but can鈥檛 buy anywhere.
From atom-capturing vacuum chambers to anodized aluminum tubes to precision optics, the shop鈥檚 six full-time instrument makers create devices that may exist only in researchers鈥� imaginations.
鈥淥ur main goal is to help get science out the door,鈥� says Green as he demonstrates an electromagnetic coil in progress for JILA chair Deborah Jin鈥檚 research group.聽(JILA is a joint physics research institute of CU-Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or NIST.)
Trim and fit in his late forties with spiffy safety goggles ever-present around his neck, the enthusiastic Green has worked as a machinist in the shop for more than 22 years and serves as its unofficial outreach liaison and tour guide. He鈥檚 been around long enough to play a role in many of the shop鈥檚 greatest successes, including an atom-cooling chamber that helped net a Nobel Prize in physics for JILA fellows Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 2001, as well as parts of the custom mirror mount that helped Jan Hall win the prize in 2005.
鈥淔or decades JILA has been a prolific and successful physics research institute,鈥� says Green, 鈥渁nd I believe that success comes from a culture of cooperation and excellence.鈥�
Located on JILA鈥檚 ground floor, the Instrument Shop was founded in 1962 in collaboration with NIST. Inside the spacious shop, scientific innovation has a decidedly workman-like feel. Wires cover the walls and floors like the roots of an overgrown oak. Hulking drill presses dating to the Johnson administration gleam with fresh metallic shavings atop a thick coat of sawdust. From open toolboxes spill a splendor of curiosities: Lenses and scalpels, welding torches and ruby ball bearings, electromagnets and an impossibly heavy, fist-sized hunk of tungsten. There鈥檚 a veritable menagerie of microscopes.
The mad-scientist clutter belies the extraordinary craftsmanship of Green, optics guru David Alchenberger, and their colleagues.
It's the job of the JILA Instrument Shop team to turn something imaginary into a working tool of science.
鈥淭he fact that our shops have been so consistently excellent, year in and year out, represents a major competitive advantage for JILA vis-脿-vis other physics and chemistry departments around the country and around the world,鈥� Nobel laureate Cornell once said, referring to the Instrument Shop and the nearby Keck Optical Measurement Lab. 鈥淭he interaction between the scientists and the instrument makers is at a very high level.鈥�
But for the Instrument Shop crew, little of it feels like work.
鈥淭he word I always return to is 鈥榝un,'鈥� says Green, a history buff and mountain biker who began at the shop as an undergraduate apprentice.
He shows me his project for Deborah Jin. Thick copper tubing has been wound around two cylinders, resembling oversized spools of wool. The researchers will send hundreds of amps of electrical current surging through the coils to create a magnetic field, which in turn will generate a tiny cloud of atoms. Those atoms will be captured in a vacuum chamber, rocketed along a track to another apparatus, and cooled quickly to create a Bose-Einstein condensate, one of the coldest possible states of matter, just a few hundred billionths of a degree above absolute zero.
Hans Green has worked in JILA's Instrument Shop for 22 years, long enough to have helped CU scientists with projects that later led to Nobel Prizes.
It鈥檚 all a reminder that sophisticated scientific feats sometimes begin with simple bolts, pins, glass and metal.
Every nook and cranny of the spacious shop brims with garage-style improvisations. In one corner, methanol bubbles frantically in an elaborate, multi-tiered glass still; the shop goes through so much of the stuff that it now purifies its own. A collection of warped metals and oddly shaped pieces of ceramics 鈥� 鈥渉appy accidents,鈥� Green calls them 鈥� are kept on hand for future reference and possible inspiration
The shop wears its productive legacy on its dust-coated sleeve.聽Nothing much here is shiny or new. (For that, walk down the hall to JILA鈥檚 56,000-square-foot 鈥淴-Wing,鈥� a series of advanced laboratories that opened in 2012.) But the shop鈥檚 results can be beautiful and utterly unique.
We visit Kyle Thatcher (MechEngr鈥�14), who鈥檚 working on a double-walled, temperature-controlled chamber that will house an extremely stable sapphire reflector optical device. He began working in the shop as an undergraduate and is now in a three-year apprenticeship.
鈥淭he opportunity to design something new and interesting every day, and then actually making it, is truly amazing,鈥� he says, adding that he appreciates the shop鈥檚 unique hands-on approach to engineering apprenticeships.
The shop seems to operate on egalitarian principles that make the most of each instrument maker鈥檚 aptitude and interests. As researchers bring them assignments, the craftsmen divvy them up, leading to an ever-changing slate of projects on each person鈥檚 workbench. Everyone has a specialty 鈥� dies, maybe, or glass machining, or injection molds. They鈥檙e all skilled welders.
The nature of the work is always changing. If researchers come to us with a challenge, we'll figure it out.
The instrument makers, like Green and his white-haired mentor, Alchenberger, who鈥檚 been with JILA since 1992, are mostly old pros. But the shop hires a handful of student workers each year. Calvin Schwadron (Astro鈥�16) is one of three now.
He鈥檚 been paying his dues by installing shelf units above some of the laser tables 鈥� and along the way, learning firsthand about the latest in advanced physics research and creative solutions for technical problems, 鈥渨hether they end up being intricate and complex or painfully simple.鈥�
Brave CU-Boulder researchers who prefer a DIY approach to equipment production have a place in the shop, too, and Green makes himself available for instruction in basic machinery principles and techniques.
鈥淲e try to ensure that it鈥檚 an easy place to get things done,鈥� he says.
Our early fall tour ends with a bit of effortless magic.
Green fires up a high-powered torch and plucks out a chipped test tube from a nearby bin. As he holds the glass to the flame, it glows, then quivers. He blows on the pliant material to create a marble-sized bubble on one side, which instantly hardens to form a chamber that could, theoretically, be used to trap air, or smoke, or even atoms.
鈥淭he nature of the work is always changing,鈥� he says, 鈥渁nd if researchers come to us with a challenge, we鈥檒l figure it out.鈥�
Hans Green works in the JILA machine shop.
Photography by Glenn Asakawa
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